Is journalism in crisis after massive cuts across Canada, or is the media facing an adaptive and transformative change that could bring considerable progress?
"The changes started in the 90s, and it's just got worse and worse, or better and better… depending on how you look at it." Said award-winning journalist Kate Wheeler in an interview held by S@Y News.
At the end of January 2024, massive job cuts were made by large journalism companies, including Bell Media, CBC, and Norstar, causing considerable concern throughout the industry and beyond.
In an article published in February by Sammy Hudes from The Canadian Press, Bell Media announced 4,800 job cuts, cancelled multiple television newscasts, and the sale of 45 of its 103 radio stations across British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec, and Atlantic Canada.
The President of CBC Radio, Catherine Tait, announced the company would cut ten percent of its workforce, end some of its programming, and remove 200 vacant positions. This announcement was reported in an article published by Catharine Tunney at the end of 2023.
The Toronto Star also made significant cutbacks, as Norstar, the company that governs the paper, announced it was cutting around 60% of its workforce.
The big question is: what is all this due to?
Most representatives of these companies have said the sell-offs and job cuts are basic economics. “There is no more viability in the business,” said Bell chief legal and regulatory officer Robert Malcolmson in an interview with The Canadian Press.
This justification is nothing new in the industry. Still, it raises the question of whether broadcast telecoms, in particular, should provide news as a public service in return for the privilege of making huge profits in their other divisions, such as cellular and internet.
Wheeler explained that when the internet became popular in the 1990s, advertisers became less interested in traditional advertising.
“Advertisers started to see that they could reach as many people for considerably less money via the Internet,” said Wheeler.
Similarly, Jeffrey Dvorkin, director of the journalism program at the University of Toronto, thinks things have definitely worsened over the last few years as media organizations face increasing economic stresses.
“Media organizations do not see journalism as a profit center, so they have reduced their news-gathering operations,” said Dvorkin.
Declining advertising revenue, along with falling markets, a lack of government aid, rising production costs, and some unfavourable Canadian public policies with Bill C-18 and Bill C-11, have combined to create a journalism crisis in Canada.
CBC’s “Power and Politics” program stated that local news needs to be more of a centre point.
Dvorkin agrees saying “sources of basic information that serve underserved audiences are the missing link right now”.
To this end, some experts believe the challenges faced by big national companies could benefit local stations, as new owners bring advantages and skills that can contribute to success. Carleton University journalism professor Dwayne Winseck gave some insight into this in an interview with the Canadian Press.
“Most of the buyers are well-established, smaller, regional, and local broadcasting stations,” Winseck said.
Likewise, Kate Wheeler and Jeffrey Dvorkin discussed local-focused news being key for more engagement and ad sales.
“There are a number of very smart young people who are looking at better ways of serving local audiences through better media and more empowerment of those audiences,” said Dvorkin.
“Local news can be profitable because people want to know what's going on in their community, and advertisers want to raise awareness of their brand by supporting the community in which they sell,” said Wheeler.
Without a doubt, there is an enormous task ahead for governments and academic institutes to align these transformations into significant, practical, and viable options. CBC journalist Jenna Benchetrit published an article last year explaining that many journalism programs across Canada have faced low enrolment while others have actually been shuttered. The article highlights the opportunity and necessity to reinvent and refresh the curriculum relating to the digital age.
“You need to develop different ways of storytelling... I think investigative reporting and documentary reporting will be great skills to learn in the future, and they can be played across all broadcast mediums,” said Wheeler.
Wheeler points out the need to be adaptable and recognize how technological advances have a tremendous impact on journalism and society. For her, change is something that is continuous.
“You can now go live with breaking news on location via your cell phone and instantly reach thousands upon thousands of people around the world - sometimes I don’t think young reporters realize how incredible that truly is - and what a change for the better,” said Wheeler.
Having a deep passion for what they do, Wheeler and Dvorkin have some advice for journalism students.
“We may be on the precipice of a big change, but we can be authentic and loyal in telling our viewers what they need to know, inclusive, and connecting our community. That's what we need to be concentrating on,” said Wheeler.
Summarized from both interviews, students should focus more on investigative reporting, have strong digital media skills, uphold journalistic practices and principles, and, at all costs, avoid having an agenda.
A joint work with:
Research and article production: Alejandra Jimenez
ENG Producer: Sam Aucoin
Interviewers: Alejandra Jimenez and Logan Bennett
Reporter: Logan Bennett
Video and B-Roll: Sam Aucoin, Breiner Henao, and Francisca Oppong
Interview Subjects and Special Thanks: Jeffrey Dvorkin and Kate Wheeler
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